Organic matter is often used as an index of soil fertility. However, the application of organic fertilizer or compost can significantly increase the content of soil organic matter. The purpose of this experiment is to study the effect of organic material on yield enhancement of rice in the Gambia. The results indicated that the estimated amounts of N, P, and K from the main crop residues in 1999 are 1768 tons, 123 tons, and 2124 tons, respectively. The estimated amounts of N, P, and K from the main livestock manure in 1999 are 27607 tons, 13527 tons, and 29646 tons, respectively. A good ingredient of compost should consider both in quality and practicality. Rice hull and cattle waste compost made from rice hull, cattle, and rice bran at the ratio of 50:40:10 by dry weight basis could get a stable quality. The N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and OM content of this cattle waste – rice hull compost were about 0.53%, 0.10%, 0.36%, 0.16%, 0.09%, and 70.4%, respectively. Field experiments showed that the growth and yield of rice on the application of green manure 10 t/ha plus urea 100 kg/ha and cattle waste – rice hull compost 5 t/ha plus urea 100 kg/ha have stable performance in both 1999 fall and 2000 spring cropping seasons. Rice yield of those treatments is higher than that of check plot by 13-20%. Therefore, this ingredient of cattle waste – rice hull compost and applied in rice field can be recommended to farmers in the Gambia. The application rates with cattle waste – rice hull compost 5 t/ha plus urea 100 kg/ha were appropriated and suitable for rice production.