8-2 水稻萎凋矮化病毒之理化性質
研究彙報第八期 , Page 9-14 ,出版時間:1984-6, 詳細內容
水稻萎凋矮化病毒之理化性質
作者:陳慶忠 王雲鶴
摘 要
水 稻 萎 凋 矮 化 病 病 毒 之 生 體 外 理 化 性 , 以 媒 介 褐 飛 蝨 (Nilaparvata lugens) 蟲 體 注 射 法 予 以 測 定 。 五 倍 量 之 檸 檬 酸 緩 衝 液 (0.2 M, pH 6.2) , 磷 酸 緩 衝 液 (0.1~0.2 M, pH 7.2) , Tris-Hcl 緩 衝 液 (0.2 M, pH 7.5) 及 硼 酸 緩 衝 液 (0.2 M, pH 8.0) 抽 取 病 葉 粗 汁 液 , 病 毒 均 能 維 持 相 當 活 性 。 有 機 溶 媒 四 氯 化 碳 , 氯 仿 處 理 粗 汁 液 後 , 具 較 佳 之 淨 化 效 果 , 且 病 毒 在 粗 汁 液 中 仍 能 維 持 其 活 性 。 病 毒 在 0.1 M 磷 酸 緩 衝 液 pH 5~9 之 病 葉 抽 出 液 中 均 具 有 活 性 。 在 4℃ 時 罹 病 葉 片 抽 出 液 耐 保 存 性 達 6 日 以 上 ; 室 溫 (26~33℃) 時 僅 可 維 持 1 日 。 在 罹 病 葉 片 抽 出 液 中 耐 稀 釋 性 為 10-5~10-6 , 而 帶 毒 蟲 者 為 10-6~10-7 。 本 病 毒 之 耐 熱 性 為 40~50℃ 。 罹 病 水 稻 粗 汁 液 經 三 日 三 次 凍 結 (-20℃) 及 解 凍 , 病 毒 仍 具 活 性 。
Some Physical and Chemical Properties of Rice Wilted Stunt Virus
C. C. Chang and U. H. Wang
Summary
A virus-like disease of rice was collected from the central part to Taiwan during the second crop season of 1977. The disease was characterized by extreme plant stunting and leaf wilting and was transmitted by rice brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal). It was tentatively named rice wilted stunt (RWS) (Plant Prot. Bull. Taiwan 20:376, 1978). Based on the symptoms, its transmission by the planthopper and celluar inclusions observed in the infected plants, it was also considered as a symptomatologic type of rice grassy stunt (Plant Disease 66:15-18, 1982).
The stability of RWSV was determined by injecting the crude rice leaf extract into healthy planthoppers. The virus was stable in citrate (0.2 M, pH 6.2), phosphate (0.1 or 0.2 M, pH 7.2), tris-HCl (0.2 M, pH 7.5) and boric acid-borax (0.2 M, pH 8.0) buffers. Organic solvents such as CCl4 and chloroform had a clarification effect and the infectivity of the RWSV in crude extract sap remained after treatments. The virus retained its infectivity in crude leaf extracts of phosphate buffer (0.1 M) at pH between 5 and 9. The in vitro longevity of the virus in rice sap was 6 days at 4℃ and only one day at room temperature (26-33℃). The dilution end point was between 10-4-10-5 in crude plant sap and in insect extracts was 10-6-10-7. The thermal inactivation point in rice leaf extracts was 50℃ for 10 minutes. The infectivity of the virus was not reduced by three cycles of frezing-thawing of diseases leaf extracts.