研究彙報第九十期 ， Page 51- 57，出版時間：2006- 3， 詳細內容

山藥優美藺葉蜂之生活史及藥劑防治試驗

作者： 陳啟吉、廖君達、白桂芳、王文哲

摘　　要

　　 優美藺葉蜂 ( Senoclidea decorus Konow) 是山藥栽培期間重要的害蟲，幼蟲群集嫩葉葉背啃食葉肉僅殘留葉柄。優美藺葉蜂於 4 月中旬開始發生， 5~6 月份為高峰期。卵期、幼蟲期、蛹期及成蟲壽命各為 6.7 、 16.8 、 18.1 及 5.6 天，完成 1 個世代約 40.4 天。幼蟲脫皮 4 次，共有 5 齡，各齡期日數依序為 2.5 、 3.0 、 3.3 、 4.2 及 3.8 天。每隻雌蟲平均產卵 22.9 粒，成蟲之雌雄性比率為 0.79 。 1 齡幼蟲每日取食量為 0.14 cm² ， 5 齡幼蟲為 12.6 cm² 。室內防治藥劑篩選結果， 90% 納乃得可濕性粉劑 3,000 倍、 85% 加保利可濕性粉劑 1,000 倍處理後 8 小時死亡率達 100% 最佳。田間防治藥劑篩選結果顯示，施藥後 3 天， 5 種供試藥劑均達 93% 以上的防治率。

關鍵字： 山藥、優美藺葉蜂、生活史、防治。

Life Cycle of Senoclidea decorus Konow (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) on Yam (Dioscorea spp.) and its Insecticides Application Trial

Chin-Zang Chen, Chung-Ta Liao, Kuei-Fang Pai and Wen-Jer Wang

ABSTRACT

　　Senoclidea decorus Konow (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) is an important pest on yam. Larvae of Senoclidea decorus prefer to accumulate on the lower side of young leaves, and feed on the entire leaf except the petiole. Senoclidea decorus starts to appear during mid-April, and reach the maximum density from May to June in each year. Developmental time from egg to pupa was shown as follow: egg 6-7 days, first instar larvae 2-3 days (ave. 2.5 days); second instar larvae 2-4 days (ave. 3.0 days), third instar larvae 3-4 days (ave. 3.3 days), fourth instar larvae 3-6 days (ave. 4.2 days), fifth instar larvae 3-6 days (ave. 3.8 days), pupa 17-19 days (ave. 18.1 days), respectively. The life expectancy of adults was 5.6 days (ranging from 5 to 6 days). The entire period for egg to adult ranged from 37 to 47 days (ave 40.4 ± 2.0 days). On an average, each female laid 22.9 eggs. The sex ratio ( ♀ / ♀ + ♂ ) was 0.79. The yam leaf consumed by each first instar larva was 0.14 cm² per day, and 12.6 cm² for each fifth instar larva. Five insecticides were used to evaluate their efficiency in controlling Senoclidea decorus under laboratory and field condition. In laboratory test, Methomyl and Carbaryl appeared more effective than others. However, they all reached 93% control efficiency to Senoclidea decorus after three days application under field condition.

Key words: Yam, Senoclidea decorus, life cycle, control.