作者：楊嘉凌、許志聖、張素貞

　　 臺中 191 號係由農業試驗所 ( 農試所 ) 以株型優良、豐產的臺農育 81815 號與早熟、米質優良的越光雜交後，於 F₄ 世代送交臺中區農業改良場進行新品系觀察試驗。本場歷經觀察、初級、高級產量比較試驗汰選後，將其晉升入民國 87 年區域試驗及各項特性檢定，結果顯示臺中 191 號的全生育日數第一期作 110 天，第二期作為 88 天，較一般早熟品種臺中 190 號、高雄 142 號及臺稉 1 號一期作早約 5~12 天，二期作早熟 10~20 天，為極早熟品種。臺中 191 號於初、高級產量比較試驗的心、腹、背白總和均為 0 ，區域試驗二年、三地點共 7 個樣品的米質分析中，僅有一樣品的背白為 1 級，一樣品的腹白為 1 級外，餘心、腹、背白均為 0 ，在第二期作的食味檢定，臺中 191 號食味與臺稉 9 號相當，顯示臺中 191 號為一米質優良的品種。臺中 191 號具有耐寒、不易脫粒與不易穗上發芽的特性，但其易倒伏與不抗病蟲害的特性於栽培上應多加注意。由於本品種具極早熟特性，栽培上應著重基肥與生育初期追肥的施用，建議於第一期作插秧後 20 天，第二期作插秧後 15 天內，追肥即應施用完畢，以增加有效分蘗數，發揮高產潛能並應力行曬田，以強化根系發育，避免倒伏。本品種於 92 年 6 月 18 日通過命名，商品名稱為「錦早」。

關鍵字： 臺中 191 號、極早熟品種、水稻育種 。

　　 Taichung 191, a vary early mature Japonica rice variety was developed by crossing Tainung yu 81815 with Koshihikari. The agronomic characteristics of Taichung 191 were : 110 and 88 days of growth duration for the 1st and 2nd cropping season, respectively ； the plant height were 95cm and 86cm for the 1st and 2nd cropping season ； the spike number were 19 and 15 for the 1st and 2nd cropping season, respectively. The average grain yield of Taichung 191 was 3775 kg/ha in the 1st cropping season and 3312 kg/ha in the 2nd, less than Taikeng 1 due to less panicle weight, spikelets/ per panicle, spikelet fertility and 1000-kernels weight. Taichung 191 was resistant to panicle threshability, cold tolerance and grain sprouting in the panicle, but less resistant to blast, bacterial leaf blight, sheath blight, stripe and plant hopper. For the rate of white belly, white center and white back, Taichung 191 was less than Taikeng 1, and the eating quality of 2nd cropping season was similar to that of Taikeng 9. Taichung 191 has been suggested to be suitable to grow in the single and double crop fields in Taiwan. Since Taichung 191 was a very early mature variety, the fertilizer was recommended to be applied as early as possible. In order to facilitate the high yield, the proper draining was required for inhibiting the ineffective tillers and the elongation of rice plant. Taichung 191 has been released as a recommended variety in June, 2003.